Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction, is a medical procedure designed to remove persistent glandular breast tissue, and in some cases excess fat, from the chest. For men affected by true gynecomastia, surgery can be a highly effective option when the condition does not resolve on its own.
If you're considering surgery, it's important to understand the full process, from medical evaluation and preparation through to recovery and long-term results. This guide outlines what typically happens before, during, and after gynecomastia surgery.
Who Is a Good Candidate for Gynecomastia Surgery?
Gynecomastia surgery is not appropriate or necessary in every case. A proper diagnosis is essential, as chest fat alone (often referred to as pseudogynecomastia) may not require surgical intervention.
Ideal candidates for surgery typically include:
- Men with confirmed glandular gynecomastia lasting longer than 12–24 months
- Those whose condition has not improved after weight stabilisation or lifestyle changes
- Individuals who have ruled out underlying hormonal, medication-related, or medical causes
- Men who are at a healthy, stable body weight
- Non-smokers, or those willing to stop smoking before and after surgery
Compression garments can help manage the appearance of the chest but do not treat gynecomastia itself. If you're unsure whether surgery is appropriate, see our guide on Should You Consider Gynecomastia Surgery?.
Before Surgery: Preparation and Consultation
Before proceeding with surgery, a thorough medical assessment is essential to confirm the diagnosis and ensure surgery is appropriate.
What to Expect During Your Consultation
- A detailed review of your medical history, medications, and symptoms
- Physical examination to distinguish glandular tissue from fat
- Blood tests or imaging where appropriate to rule out hormonal or medical causes
- Discussion of surgical techniques, realistic outcomes, and potential risks
- Review of before-and-after photos from previous patients
Pre-Surgery Guidelines
- Stop smoking and avoid alcohol for at least two weeks before surgery
- Avoid blood-thinning medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen unless advised otherwise
- Maintain a balanced diet and adequate hydration
- Arrange transport home and post-operative support if required
During Surgery: What Happens in the Operating Room?
Gynecomastia surgery is commonly performed under general anaesthesia. The procedure typically lasts between one and two hours, depending on complexity.
Common Surgical Techniques
- Liposuction: Used to remove excess fatty tissue when present
- Excision: Required to remove firm glandular breast tissue and reshape the chest
- Combination approach: Often used to achieve the most natural contour
Incisions are usually placed around the areola or within natural chest creases to minimise visible scarring. While scars are permanent, they are generally small and fade significantly over time.
After Surgery: Recovery and Healing
Recovery timelines vary, but most patients experience a gradual return to normal activity over several weeks.
First 48 Hours
- Swelling, bruising, and discomfort are common
- A compression garment is typically worn to support healing and reduce swelling
- Prescription or over-the-counter pain relief may be used as advised
- Rest is recommended and strenuous activity should be avoided
Week 1 to Week 4
- Swelling continues to reduce over the first two weeks
- Stitches are usually removed within 3–10 days if non-dissolvable
- Light daily activity can often resume after one week
- Heavy lifting and intense exercise should be avoided until cleared by your surgeon
Long-Term Healing (3–6 Months)
- Final chest contours become more apparent as residual swelling resolves
- Scar appearance continues to improve over time
- Compression garments should only be worn for the duration recommended by your surgeon
Potential Risks and Complications
As with any surgical procedure, gynecomastia surgery carries potential risks, including:
- Infection or delayed wound healing
- Scarring or poor scar formation
- Asymmetry or contour irregularities
- Hematoma or fluid accumulation
- Changes in nipple sensation, which may be temporary or permanent
- In some cases, the need for revision surgery
Choosing an experienced, appropriately qualified surgeon and following all post-operative instructions reduces the likelihood of complications.
Conclusion
Gynecomastia surgery can be an effective option for men with persistent glandular breast tissue when conservative approaches are not appropriate or have been exhausted. A clear understanding of the diagnostic process, surgical approach, and recovery expectations is essential before making a decision.
For men who are not ready for surgery or are managing their condition non-surgically, compression vests can provide temporary cosmetic support and improved confidence under clothing.
This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before making medical decisions.